Quantum Technology Fuels New Insights in Quantum Fundamentals

Recent advancements in quantum technology are transforming our understanding of fundamental quantum principles, showcasing a unique interplay between applications and theoretical exploration. This trend was discussed by a panel of experts during a recent event in the Physics World Live series, featuring prominent figures such as Elise Crull, an associate professor of philosophy at the City University of New York, Artur Ekert, a quantum physicist at the University of Oxford, and Stephanie Simmons, chief quantum officer at Photonic and co-chair of Canada’s Quantum Advisory Council.

The conversation highlighted how the surge in research funding for quantum technology over the past two decades has not only accelerated commercial applications but also deepened our understanding of fundamental quantum science. Simmons noted that heightened awareness of the potential of quantum technology has drawn many into the field, making quantum physics increasingly visible. She stated, “We’re learning so much at a fundamental level because of technological advances.”

The panelists emphasized that developments in quantum applications, such as powerful sensors and secure information transmission, are informing the scientific community’s approach to fundamental questions. For instance, the concept of quantum entanglement has evolved from a theoretical curiosity into a practical resource for various technologies. This shift allows researchers to explore critical questions about the nature of entanglement and its implications for our understanding of reality.

Exploring the Intersections of Technology and Theory

Simmons pointed out that the rise of quantum technology compels researchers to reconsider what constitutes quantum information and how it can be harnessed effectively. By rethinking traditional notions of computation, such as the scalability of quantum systems, scientists are beginning to visualize an “entanglement-first” approach that could redefine the field.

Ekert shared his perspective as someone deeply invested in the foundations of quantum mechanics. He remarked that many foundational concepts, such as those proposed in the 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paper, have vital implications for modern applications like cryptography. He stated, “Every single time I’ve tried to do pure research, I’ve failed because I’ve discovered it has interesting links to technology.”

Crull added that physicists are now able to investigate phenomena that were previously inaccessible, including the quantum-classical boundary. She expressed enthusiasm for the current era, describing it as an exciting time for philosophers and physicists alike to engage with challenging questions about causality in quantum mechanics.

Future Prospects and Challenges in Quantum Technology

The panel also considered the future of quantum technology and its potential to revolutionize various fields. Simmons emphasized the need for quantum computers capable of performing complex tasks with 400 to 2,000 application-grade logical qubits and noted that achieving such precision will require significant advancements in error correction.

Looking ahead, the experts discussed the importance of scaling up quantum devices for commercial success. Simmons remarked, “To unleash exponential speed-ups in chemistry or cybersecurity, we need to build systems that can handle the complexities of quantum interactions.”

Ekert expressed curiosity about the relationship between technological advancement and fundamental breakthroughs. He suggested that if quantum computers fail to meet expectations, it may lead to new insights that challenge existing theories in quantum physics. He stated, “If it doesn’t work for some fundamental reason, it’s also great – it’s a win-win game.”

Crull and Simmons both stressed the unpredictability of where quantum technology could lead. Simmons pointed out that historical precedents in physics show that commercializing new technologies often yields unforeseen applications and benefits, potentially transforming our understanding of fields like chemistry.

This discussion forms part of the ongoing efforts to mark the 2025 International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, aimed at raising global awareness about the significance of quantum physics and its applications. As researchers and industry professionals continue to collaborate, the dialogue surrounding quantum technology will likely yield new insights that bridge practical applications and fundamental scientific inquiry.

The advancements in quantum technology not only promise to enhance existing systems but also challenge the very foundations of our understanding of physics, indicating a dynamic future for both applied and theoretical research in this exciting field.